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Jesus and the Kingdom of God

In a way that seems to go beyond the requirements of any other of the world's religious faiths, Christianity stakes its truth-claims on certain historical events – particularly the life, death and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. As the event of God’s most explicit self-communication to human beings, Christianity is about something that happened in world-history, where the person of Jesus is the Christ – the “Logos made flesh”, the embodied story of God in time.

So it is this Jesus, the one who absorbs evil with love, that one whois radically present in the tangible depths of human suffering and death, that we must turn to if we are to speak about God from a Christian perspective.

And when we begin to peel back the layers of literal-mythic Christianity (amber), with the tools of post/modern critical Jesus scholarship (orange science, green hermeneutics) the most uncontested fact today is that Jesus of Nazareth is the one who announced the Kingdom of God (basileia tou theou).
References to “Kingdom of God” are found more than one hundred times in the synoptic gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke), and so our ability to understand who Jesus is and the origins of his historical mission is intimately linked to his understanding of the Kingdom of God, a Kingdom that is disclosed to us today in the enigmatic twists and turns of his recorded parables.
So with the tool of post/modern critical-historical scholarship, I want to briefly re-construct here what Jesus may have actually meant by the Kingdom of God, in order to isolate the Founder of Christianity from what was Founded in his name (the Church) in the hope of getting a discussion started on what an Integral Christianity might look like…
 
The Parable of the Leaven - Luke 13:20-21 (also see Matthew 13:33, Gospel of Thomas)
 
“What shall I compare the Kingdom of God to? It is like yeast that a woman took and mixed into a large amount[i]of flour until it worked all through the dough.”
 
The parable of the leaven received the highest number of red votes of any parable among the participants of the Jesus Seminar, and is therefore considered (arguably) the most authentic of the sayings that have been attributed to Jesus in the gospels and handed down to us.
 
Leaven is made by taking a piece of bread and storing it in a damp, dark place until mould forms, and in the ancient world leaven was a well-known symbol or metaphor of moral corruption.[ii] So in 1st century Israel there’s an ancient association between leaven (moldy yeast) as “profane” and the un-leavened as “sacred”, e.g. the holy Jewish festival of the Unleavened Bread.
 
In this parable Jesus invokes a deliberate and unexpected reversal of the old standard, whereby leaven – which is held to be corrupt, is really the source of what is sacred. With Good News for those who are considered corrupt/sinful/degenerate by the established structures of power, the shocking reversal of expectation uttered with the simple word “leaven” would have thrown Jesus’ audience utterly off guard.
 
And just as the process of leavening is worked through until everything is corrupted[iii], those relegated to the outside of the Jewish socio-religious code would have been are astonished and overjoyed, while those inside the Temple would have been perplexed and confused, as Jesus overturns and abolishes and the boundary between the sacred and the profane and offends the deeply held religious sensibilities of the status quo.
 
For this itinerant Jew is essentially saying the last thing that people want or expect to hear about the Kingdom of God: it is in the concealment of something small and corrupt that the revelation of the Kingdom becomes manifest.[iv] The parable of the Leaven is typical of many of Jesus’ many pronouncements[v] and it provides a very good indication of precisely what Jesus meant by the Kingdom of God. It is a decidedly “un-kingly” kingdom, one that explodes our assumptions about the very meaning of Kingdom, and one that offers a permanent challenge to our religious and political convictions about precisely who or what is sacred and profane
 
The Parable of the Mustard Seed
Mark 4:30-32 (also see Matthew 13:31-32, Luke 13:18-19, Thomas 20)[vi]
 
30Again he said, "What shall we say the kingdom of God is like, or what parable shall we use to describe it? 31It is like a mustard seed, which is the smallest seed you plant in the ground. 32 Yet when planted, it grows and becomes the largest of all garden plants, with such big branches that the birds of the air can perch in its shade.”[vii]
 
In this parable Jesus again reverses a 1st century symbol for the Kingdom, this time the mighty cedar of Lebanon, which was widely regarded to be a central guiding metaphor for Israel’s messianic hopes. However Jesus “lampoons the whole apocalyptic tradition”[viii] by comparing the Kingdom of God to a mustard seed, which is the smallest of all seeds while finishing with images of ‘trees’ where ‘birds made their home’ in the same breath to conjure up conventional associations with the mighty cedar of Lebanon (in Ezekiel and Daniel).
But it not simply that the mustard plant starts as the smallest of seeds and grows into a large tree for the birds of the air, it’s arresting impact is further witnessed in that the mustard plant is a relatively short lived shrub or tree that tends to take over domestic agricultural areas[ix] and grow out of control precisely where it is not wanted.
As Crossan describes it, the mustard plant is a “pungent shrub with dangerous takeover properties, something you would want in only small and carefully controlled doses - if you could control it”[x] while also attracting birds within these cultivated areas where they are not particularly desired.[xi]
Moreover the mustard plant is a weed, and in ancient Jewish times the planting of mustard seeds in a garden is prohibited by Mosaic Law (Leviticus 19:19).[xii] So the paradoxical shock of Jesus metaphor is not simply that the mustard seed starts small and becomes the largest of all garden plants (which is true enough) but that its bigness is dangerous, deadly and illegal.[xiii]
We can therefore see that Jesus again invokes an arresting reversal of his audience’s background assumptions regarding the Kingdom of God. With a comic inversion of traditional assumptions Jesus pokes fun at the messianic expectations of 1st century Jews by saying that the smallest seed – and that one which grows into the most unruly and undesirable of all plants - is really the new symbol of God’s Kingdom (Empire, Caesar).[xiv]
 
Of course, by the time the New Testament was written (100 AD), Jesus’ early followers had buried and domesticated the radical edges of these and other subversive teachings. But in it’s original context, it now seems that Jesus used the term Kingdom to express his paradoxical wit, to given added intensity to his provocative message, to pop open awareness with a new configuration of reality that discloses to us what the world would look like if God was running the show.... The fact that much of our current language on the Kingdom of God is no longer dissonant or paradoxical only shows us how we have domesticated it over the last few thousand years...
 
As an Integrally informed scholar/practitioner, the most perplexing aspect of the Gospel story for me is that the Kingdom of God is not for the best and brightest, not for those who meet the requirements of second-tear awareness, and not for those with turquoise qualifications and credentials, as Paul said of the early Christian apostles,
 
“Not many were wise according to worldly standards, not many were powerful, not many were of noble birth; but God chose what is foolish in the world to shame the wise, God chose what is weak in the world to shame the strong, God chose what is low and despised in the world... to bring to nothing things that are.” (Cor. I:27-28)
 
In his privileging of those without privilege, Jesus of Nazareth was more of a Rebel than a King, and his parabolic discourse consistently challenges and overturns this implied structural network of associations between kingdom, power, sovereignty and God. As one recent Jesus scholar put it:
 
The Kingdom of God was made – 1st, for children, and those who resembled them; 2nd, for the outcasts of the world, victims of that social arrogance which repulses the good but humble man; 3rd for heretics and schismatics, publicans, Samaritans, and Pagans of Tyre and Sidon… The doctrine that the poor… alone shall be saved, that the reign of the poor is approaching – was, therefore, the doctrine of Jesus.”[xv]
 
The point here is that the story of Jesus is still a strange, foolish, awkward and dangerous story when read through an Integral (AQAL) lens... The love of God in the scandal of the Cross defies logic while subverting many of our religious, cultural and philosophical assumptions in ushering in a revolutionary understanding of God. For in Christ God is now fully identified with the god-forsaken - as Chesterton said: from all the religions of the world it is only in Christianity and Jesus’ cry of desolation from the Cross does it look like God, for an instant, became an atheist...
 
So the Gospel of Jesus Christ is a radical paradox – it does not make everything make sense, it disturbs and unsettles and throws everything off balance... So for me (and I would appreciate any comment on this thorny issue) there is this deep tension between the second-tier “elitism” of Integral - an excellence to which everyone is invited, and the undeniable privileging of the outcast, the afflicted, the powerless in the Gospel story of Jesus – who is for me the human face of God…
 
As Paul writes, those who find their righteousness in Christ “glory in their weakness”… where the love of God is freely given in suffering and the Cross – and where the boundless love of God is revealed to us in the form of an executed criminal, a despised and abandoned heretic...
So there is no getting around the fact that Christ shows up not at the top of the socio-cultural pyramid, but on the margins, as the menace at the Temple gates, or as the mustard seed that slip through the crack s of the established order and de-centers all fixed enters of power and privilege with good news for the poor and the permanent possibility of offense for the sanctified who put themselves on the throne of the divine…
 
In contrast to meeting the requirements of an ILP as one who follows the way Jesus, my main form of spiritual practice is to risk letting go of my confidence and eloquence, and to confess not the abundance but the exhaustion of my verbal, intellectual and spiritual resources... I am only really praying when I acknowledge that I do not know how to pray.
 
Cameron


[i] The Greek here is “three satas” which is about 22 liters – a very large amount and enough to feed about 100 people. It also reminds Jesus’ listeners of the story of the angels who give a prophecy concerning Issac’s birth in Genesis 18, among the items Sarah prepares for them is cakes made from “three satas” of flour...
[ii]For more see Bernard Brandon Scott, Hear Then the Parable: A Commentary on the Parables of Jesus (1989)
[iii] Scott 2001, p.27-34
[iv] The leaven is “concealed” krypto (Luke), enkrypto (in Matthew) is a much more negative word for hiding (it means to keep secret) than the more neutral kalypto. The phrase “by a woman” is also an unexpected reversal and a problematic representative of the sacred. Woman as the un-favored gender role in the Roman Empire, subject to fathers and husbands and at a disadvantage when it comes to purity codes, so Jesus’ use of woman as a symbol of the sacred is again arresting and provocative
[v] Funk 1996, p.157
[vi]Thomas has ‘falls on disturbed ground’ which is absolutely right, botanically. Mark has ‘is sown’ which is absolutely wrong... it's a weed... but this fits with Mark's chapter 4 'sowing' theme. Matthew and Luke (who used Mark) also have ‘sown’.
[vii]Only the version of this saying in Thomas refers to the herb as a "plant". Mark 4 refers to is as a "shrub", Matthew 12 as both "shrub" and "tree" and Luke 13 as a "tree". In actual botany, the plant is called SINAPI (Greek) and in this parable it was an annual wild herb that never grew to a size that any Mediterranean person would ever call a tree. (Mahlon Smith CrossTalk - 14 Jun 1998)
[viii]Crossan 1991, p.277
[ix] Funk 1996, p.157
[x] In putting the distinction between insiders and outsiders into question, the mustard seed is “is a startling metaphor, but it would be interpreted quite differently by those, on the one hand, concerned about their fields, their crops, and their harvests, and by those, on the other, for whom fields, crops, and harvest were always the property of others." - John Dominic Crossan, Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography (1994)
[xi] Crossan 1991 as Roman natural historian Pliny the elder (23-79AD) writes, mustard “with its pungent taste and fiery effect is extremely beneficial for the health. It grows entirely wild… when it has once been sown it is scarcely possible to get the place free of it, as the seed when it falls germinates at once.” Pliny (the Elder) in Natural History 29.54.170 (LOEB), p.170-171 quoted in Scott 2001, p. 37
[xii] Douglas Oakman, “It is hard to escape the conclusion that Jesus deliberately likens the Kingdom of God to a weed.” (1986, p.127 quoted in Crossan 1991, p.278)
[xiii]Crossan 1991, p.278 In further establishing the mustard plants (Brassica Nigra) subversive meaning, it has been likened by Smith to “a colonizing annual that appears in disturbed ground and, often, after sturdier plants appear in a few years, disappears. This might have parabolic implications.” (CrossTalk - 14 Jun 1998)
[xiv] Funk 1996, p.157
[xv]Ernest Renan, The Life of Jesus 1972, p.194-196
 

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Jesus, the Rebel and his Subversive Teachings

Jesus was (is) profound.  And so are you.

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The Kingdom of God and the Commune-ity in Communication

 Dear Cameron, 

  I cherished this post. Yes, it speaks of the wisdom of the beginning of a journey, when the mind is not yet highly differentiated, but strongly senses the gist of truth. I have elsewhere likened this early, humbled, stage with the Holy Ghost. Spirituality appears ego-dystonic (outside of self) because the self has not yet assimilated the spiritual principles and ways. But there is a certain freshness that comes with this early part of the journey. To lose that freshness would be like losing our inner child. To transcend but include it is to keep the word living/alive, vital. 

The midpoint of the spiritual journey may match the Son, still aware of the creative source of living life fully, but also "manifest" in the world (assimilated into the language of worldly logic and life). To have faith, one must be incarnate in the level/world/program in which he or she is inserted - bringing higher consciousness of the vertical, spiritual, mind to the horizontal mind of whatever level he or she is participating. God is any worthwhile gathering of wholeness from beyond the pale of the horizontal reality in which we are participating. Christ is an intercessor to that vertical mind which can help us be transformed back toward the wholeness of a natural garden, Eden, but now lifting the details of the horizontal plane into a higher differentiated whole than the undifferentiated whole of Eden.

The Father is the full maturity of the spiritual journey. As persons still growing, the father appears beyond - something higher to be followed or to aspire to. But this is only when we identify with the horizontal mind on the limited plane on which we appear to be existing. The vertical mind at least senses what Stephen Covey calls "the end in mind". It flies lightly beyond the box of the horizontal reality and already claims its membership in non-dual Mind, or Spirit. The Father is the creative potential toward which we strive.

But in striving, the horizontal mind is quite capable of contaminating whole-mind with part-mind. When part-mind gets in front of (given too much priority) whole-mind capacity and whole-mind activity/application, then there is a mental and spiritual dis-order that results in corrupting the connection between the vertical, spiritual, mind and the horizontal, worldly, mind. 

Even the noblest striving for spiritual growth can allow part-mind, horizontal, thoughts to get in the way of wholeness. Falling back into grace, into the Holy Spirit, into the Garden, can help us correct the dis-order. Like relapse prevention, the sooner the dis-order is caught, the easier to correct the spiritual distortion. Spiritual elitism is corrected/healed by returning to the beginning of the spiritual journey, in order to advance toward true spiritual Fatherhood.  

Thanks for the theological meanings in your post which points to the wisdom of the early phase of the spiritual journey. As we grow spiritually, the honeymoon may be over, but its love can remain, and can be renewed with an occasional revisiting of the honeymoon.             Darrell

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God is an atheist

 Hi Cameron,

I enjoyed your blog very much. You manage to re-construct the nuggets of truth inherent in the christian religion while maintaining a modern/postmodern framework. I for my part feel that you were also successful in transcending and including the dignity of the postmodern green structure. This is no small thing to do.

I especially like this paragraph:

" For in Christ God is now fully identified with the god-forsaken - as Chesterton said: from all the religions of the world it is only in Christianity and Jesus’ cry of desolation from the Cross does it look like God, for an instant, became an atheist..."

That's absolutely right. This is also consistent with Zizek's writing on the crucifixion: "Only then are we one with god, when s/he is not one with him/herself anymore, when s/he gives him/herself up, and internalizes the radical distance that seperates him/her from us. [...] only when I suffer the infinite pain of the seperation from god, I share an experience with God him/herself (Christ on the cross)." 

You see, I restored my bookshelf :P I'm still trying to catch up with you. I'm a bit short on Derrida, and theology in general, but I'm trying hard. Thank you for inspiration and motivation to carry on.

Christophe

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a (somewhat) dissenting exegesis

Cameron, thank you for initiating this interesting discussion. Actually, there are several major important topics here that I want to discuss: your interpretation of these parables, Christianity’s claim to historicity, what Jesus meant by the Kingdom of God, and what to make of the theology of reversal in Jesus’ teachings and the broader biblical tradition. I will address each of these in separate comments over the next few days if my time and energy permits.

I don’t mean to be antagonistic, but I will begin by pushing back a little on your interpretation of the two parables. I am sympathetic to the larger thrust and concerns of your post, so this is sort of a tangent, but I would like to offer a somewhat different perspective.

As I understand it, leaven is not moldy yeast but just simply yeast, and it was not associated with corruption. Unleavened bread has a special place in Jewish tradition because in their rush to leave Egypt the Hebrews did not have time to let yeasted dough rise. The festival of unleavened bread is a commemoration of that hasty flight. Leavened bread was the form of bread normally eaten. If it where thought unclean, Jews would not have eaten it. Bruce Chilton has suggested that the point of the parable is that righteousness (moral uprightness and spiritual awakening) is contagious. Jewish tradition saw uncleanness or impurity as being contagious and was very concerned with preserving cleanness and restoring cleanness when it was lost through contact with anything unclean. In this parable, Jesus reverses the emphasis in human interaction from preserving purity (preventing a negative by limiting interaction) to spreading goodness (creating a positive through interaction).

As for the mustard seed, it is not a pernicious weed but a garden plant. Leviticus 19:19 does not forbid the planting of mustard. Leviticus 19:19 is a purity law that forbids mixing (not keeping pure) different kinds of crops in the same field, and mustard is not specifically mentioned. The point of the parable is that the kingdom starts as something very small that grows into something very great.

What the two parables have in common is the idea of natural spreading and growth from small to large, which is nicely compatible with an evolutionary, integral perspective. I think it is going too far to understand Jesus to have been saying in these parables that the kingdom would have its origins in the unclean and unruly. That may be true, and there may be other parables that suggest that, but I don’t think he was trying to say that with these specific images.

This in no way diminishes the larger concerns you raise in the post, and I hope address them later.

John

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historicity?

 

Cameron, you began your post with these words:
In a way that seems to go beyond the requirements of any other of the world's religious faiths, Christianity stakes its truth-claims on certain historical events – particularly the life, death and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. As the event of God’s most explicit self-communication to human beings, Christianity is about something that happened in world-history, where the person of Jesus is the Christ – the “Logos made flesh”, the embodied story of God in time.
Well said!
 
This claim to historical revelation is a BIG problem for Christianity. It is generally understood to mean that the Bible presents on its surface an objectively reliable record of miraculously special acts of God in human history. This claim does not hold up to critical scrutiny and sets up the faithful for unnecessary confusion and painful disillusionment when they move from amber to orange and above. The sooner Christianity drops the claim, the better.
 
The narrative content of Christianity, like all other (premodern at least) religions is myth. Actual people and events of history may have provided some of the building blocks, but the final result is not objective history. For example, I am convinced based on careful reading of the New Testament and a few other sources that Jesus’ resurrection was not a physical, bodily, outwardly visible event but an inward, subjective, spiritual experience among his followers that came to be expressed in more concrete terms as the tradition evolved. To say that Christianity can be trusted because of the historical fact of the resurrection is entirely bogus. It is not a historical fact; it is something else, something very important, but not fact. Myth is about that something else, about deeper truths and realities. Myth is the native language of religion, and there is no shame in admitting that Judeo-Christian narrative functions finally and most importantly as myth.
 
The idea that God is revealed in certain special acts in history cannot be separated from supernatural theism, and supernatural theism just don’t fly anymore. A nondual “God” is equally the source of and present in every moment and place and event of being, so there are no “special acts” based on the intentions of a divine being. The specialness is invested (constructed) by human interpretation. It is absolutely true that the Judeo-Christian tradition was shaped by historical events and the struggle to make sense of them, but that history proves little and is often distorted by the tradition.
 
I know: I’m preaching to the choir! My point is that I think postmodern/integral/progressive/whatever Christianity must be explicit in rejecting claims to special historical revelation and must consciously and deliberately deconstruct its own development and understandings of history. In doing this, its own history and its history of understanding its history does become revelation. In doing this Christianity would plumb the depths and behavioral patterns of human consciousness and spirituality in a way that would reveal integral development from within itself.
 
John

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leaven & mustard


interesting metaphors .. makes me curious .. what metaphors would jesus use today ?

technology and rock musicians for example perchance ?

 

 

 

 

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Integral Elitism & The Jesus Impulse

Cameron,

Outstanding post. Two things were triggered in me as I read it. The first is this:

You write:

"As an Integrally informed scholar/practitioner, the most perplexing aspect of the Gospel story for me is that the Kingdom of God is not for the best and brightest, not for those who meet the requirements of second-tear awareness, and not for those with turquoise qualifications and credentials, as Paul said of the early Christian apostles, 'Not many were wise according to worldly standards, not many were powerful, not many were of noble birth; but God chose what is foolish in the world to shame the wise, God chose what is weak in the world to shame the strong, God chose what is low and despised in the world... to bring to nothing things that are.' (Cor. I:27-28)."

I've spent the last year attempting to bring the integral impulse into a small town community environment. While things got off to a great start, we eventually experienced a major train wreck over a related issue. Here's how I have outlined this problem in another blog:

"The biggest challenge I have faced, in all of the integral community-building I have been involved with, is finding healthy, helpful ways to deal with what appears to be a very strong elitist mentality in the integral world. Much of the integral world I am connected with is strongly aligned with Ken Wilber and his particular version of integral. While I deeply resonate with almost everything Ken has to say, I have found it very challenging to deal with what I experience as a rigid, near-fundamentalist mentality for championing his work. I have also noticed that the integral world, as it exists today, tends to attract people with very strong intellectual abilities. I love this, but have noticed that deep intellectual understandings do not always translate into honoring others with less cognitive abilities, or recognizing that others with less cognitive abilities may actually be more advanced in other lines of development, or their overall center of gravity. I currently believe that in order for the integral impulse to spread and stick in community environments that are made up of many different kinds of people, with many different kinds of intelligences, life experiences, aptitudes, and gifts to offer, these two tendencies need to come into balance."

So my experience echoes a concern about elitist tendencies within the integral world -- and within ourselves. I think this tendency is understandable, perhaps even necessary, at least in the academic and intellectual realms in which modern integral thought emerged. But if the integral impulse is going to spread to the rest of the world -- and reach people who are not as cognitively developed as the current integral community, forces will need to emerge that level the playing field as Jesus did during his time period.

Or, closer to home, if the integral impulse is going to become more grounded and fully embodied in us, then we, too, may need to move out of our heads into our hearts and real world.

One analogy that puts some flesh and bones on this is to imagine the high-powered thinkers that wrote the U.S. Constitution. They had the vision to declare that "all men are created equal". But in practical application, this didn't include woman, blacks, and other minorities. They were viewed as inferior in the same way that many of the people Jesus reached out to were viewed as impure, unworthy, and unsuitable by the powers-that-be of his time. I think the integral world is faced with a similar situation: there is a declaration that there are many different lines of development, but the intellectual line, in real life practice, is lauded above the rest -- and it shouldn't be, in my opinion anyway. It's vital. It's absolutely necessary. It cannot and should not be ignored. But without giving appropriate weight to other lines of development -- or people who are strong in other lines but weak cognitively -- I think we miss the boat.

Or, turning this idea on ourselves, there is a need to acknowledge the disenfranchised, the weak, the needy, the less intellectually inclined aspects of ourselves and give them a prominent place at the table.

Which brings me to my second point:

The current integral landscape also appears to be dominated by people who have strong backgrounds in Eastern traditions and inward-looking practices. I think this is wonderful, but significantly lopsided. One way I see this playing out in the integral world is by having a very strong focus on Buddhism, meditation, and various inner practices, especially as they pertain to personal growth. I think all of these are very important. But they are only half the picture. The other half pertains to outer expression, which would be expressed as a focus on interpersonal relationships, community, service, healing, actively loving others, etc. All things that are classically associated with Jesus. And evolution. And the West's preoccupation with improving things and making things happen in the external world. Again, it's not that these ideas are missing from the integral model. They aren't. But from my perspective, they're definitely not emphasized as much OR AS FULLY EMBODIED as Eastern impulses. You can even see this reflected in the Christian authorities who are honored and engaged in the integral world: as far as I can tell, most of them come from monastic and contemplative Christian orders, which is a reflection of classic Eastern or mystical perspectives and inclinations. This, of course, is not what the Jesus of the New Testament is known for. His primary contribution was not as a hermit, mystic, or desert father. It was a hands on, over-the-top, society-upsetting, history-changing engagement in the real world. His calls for people to enter the "Kingdom of God" were not, as far as I can see, only calls to discover an inner experience, or inner relationship with God. They were also radical calls to manifest this inner state in the outer world; to bring heaven to earth; and to do so by getting fully engaged in the outer world of human relationships.

Again, given the people and places that the integral impulse has emerged in modern times, I think it is perfectly understandable, perhaps even vital, that there has been such a strong focus on inner experiences and conditions; on personal growth; on reading, studying, and developing cognitive lines. But in order for the impulse to spread, grow, and be sustainable, long term, I think a strong Jesus-like energy is also going to need to emerge in the integral world.

What do you (and the other folks following this thread) think?

By the way, Cameron, great profile. Thanks for  taking the time to share so much about your personal journey. I found it inspiring.

David

------------

David Sunfellow
Integral Rising
Integral NHNE
Integral Organizers

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Thoughts on the Kingdom and elitism

Cameron,

I really appreciated your post. Very informed and thoughtful. The scholarship you cite on the historical Jesus has been important for me personally for a long time and I can see you are thoroughly acquainted with it. A pleasure to read.

I'd like to address your comment about the elitism of Integral in relation to Jesus' notion of the kingdom. Personally, I believe that the kingdom as he portrayed it really is a kind of enlightenment concept--in the sense of being an enlightened state. It seems to me to be a condition of transformed perception, affect, and experience that one can enter and that, once one has done so, can come through one to others. This naturally entails a certain kind of elitism, in that certain people have entered this state more fully than others--Jesus being someone who seems to have entered it to a remarkable degree, making extraordinary things possible in him and around him. He lived in the kingdom in a way that few have done.

On the other hand, central to this state as he sketched it seems to have been a radically transformed perception of others, in which everyone, including "tax collectors and sinners," even the "bad," the "unjust," and "enemies," were seen as precious, infinitely lovable and deserving children of God.

This is what I feel is lacking in Integral. Is it me or is Integral lacking in an emphasis on social justice? I'd personally like to see more of this emphasis on the precious divine worth of even the lowliest and most "evil" among us, and on realization of that worth as a central and defining characteristic of the enlightened state. Maybe it's there and I've just missed it. But I certainly have missed it.

Robert

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Embedded story of God in time...

"...'Logos made flesh', the embodied story of God in time."

Indeed Cameron, and an Integral Life will always be indebted to your significant contributions. In fact, it would not be where it is today without them...

Much love,

Mark

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Towards an Integral embrace...

To continue the surprising and generous response to this post I just want to turn this inquiry upside down and begin by showing that there is indeed a strong and significant overlap between the Integral framework and the basic tenets of the Christianity (at least as I see them). For starters, “Free to be Fully Human” – the creative tension between Freedom (human) and Fullness (divine) at the core of the Integral Life catch-phrase, corresponds exactly to the paradoxical nature of orthodox Christology – where the person of Jesus is held to be 100% divine (free) and 100% human (full).

Moreover, in SES (volume 1 of the Kosmos trilogy), KW also unpacks the interlocking and overlapping conjunction of humanity and divinity (“Free to be fully human”) in Christianity in terms of the Non-dual union of Other-worldly Ascent and This-worldly Descent, which is also an integration Eros and Agape... where Eros is the love of the human (lower) for the divine (higher), and Agape is the love of the divine for the human.

So where the Christian story holds to the Absolute Paradox of God-in-time, in SES Ken also maintains this same kind of secret non-dual union of Eros and Agape: where Ascending and Descending paths are inextricably interwoven, as he writes in his footnotes on the Real: “the realization of the One-in-the-Many and the Many-in-the-One, is, of course, common and definitive of all Non-dual schools”[1] an insight which also points directly to the paradoxical teachings of Jesus and a profound convergence between Integral and Christianity...

In this respect one of the key points of SES is that an emphasis either too much Eros/Ascent or too much Agape/Descent have their own distinctive and correlative pathologies. The shadow of a merely Ascending (Eros) path is called Phobos (a repression or avoidance of the material-sensual world) the characteristic dysfunction of Western monotheistic religion; while the shadow of a merely Descending (Agape) path is Thanatos (a fixation to the material-sensory world) what Freud called the death-drive and something that is commonplace in flatland...

So where the secret Non-dual embrace of Integral can help to re-imagine, re-contextualize or re-configure the Christian tradition, and balance some of the lop-sided perspectives that have prevailed in Western Christianity, there is also something about the Gospel story of “the god-forsaken God” that slips through the AQAL net and offers a distinct alternative to the Eastern (Non-dual) enlightenment traditions.

The (real/apparent?) dissonance here has been put well by Slavoj Zizek (see The Puppet and the Dwarf: the Perverse Core of Christianity 2003) who reminds us that the Great Chain philosophy that underpins the basic orientation of the Integral model is actually a pagan philosophy (as exemplified by Plotinus, the Neo-Platonic mystic-philosopher). That is, the notion that we have to throw off the lower world of the flesh (material-sensory), purify ourselves and advance through higher stages from body to mind to soul to union with the One – is a purely Ascending (or pagan) philosophy... It has nothing to do with the Gospel message that “Jesus is Lord” (i.e. Caesar is not!) and denotes the very movement from the human to the divine (Eros) that Christianity overturns and reverses with the “Logos made flesh” (Agape)...

 To get to the heart of the matter, according to Zizek (arguably the most radical Christian thinker alive today), the primordial fact is the “non-coincidence of the Absolute with itself.”[2] This means that God is not at one with God’s self. There is an irreducible gap or tension in the heart of the Real that refuses any proper resolution or any mediation of opposites in a higher synthesis - i.e. there is no such thing as a secret Non-dual union... There is only the inherent gap of the One with itself – an Absolute Paradox - and this is particularly true of the Christ-event, the dividing point of Western history where God becomes “en-fleshed”, fully participates in the worst that the life-process has to offer, and puts radically into question all other man-made religions and philosophies, which in the wake of the crucified One are exposed as barely concealed and all too human attempts at self-deification...

The key difference here is that with Jesus and his death on the Cross, the fundamental gap between humanity and the divine is now radically transposed into God’s own self. This means that the very thing that once seemed to separates us from God (suffering, abandonment, death) is now the very thing that unites us with Him... That is, in my weakness and abandonment, when I am vulnerable and powerless - precisely then I am identified with Christ, the God-man, the one who was also abandoned and powerless on the Cross. As Zizek says, “we are one with God when God is no longer one with Himself, but abandons Himself, 'internalizes' the radical distance that separates us from Him. Our radical experience of separation from God is the very feature which unites us with Him – only when I experience the infinite pain of separation from God do I share an experience with God Himself (Christ on the Cross).”[3] For Zizek, the basic message here is that “God now trusts us” (i.e. the supernatural mythic God that guarantees an orderly universe is dead), and he goes on to argue that this is the only original freedom and fullness available to the Western tradition.

So in Christ, God becomes Incarnate (finite, temporal) and descends into the pain and messiness of life, God internalizes the painful gap between the human and the divine and becomes one of us, a broken, imperfect and suffering creature... and this Agape (descending) path is in direct contradiction to pagan (and Eastern) religions in which human are to purify themselves and move to the higher spheres of the Great Chain of Being.

So where Christianity finds an inseparable union with God in identifying with Christ crucified, the love of God in Christ is a radical disclosure of the “non-coincidence of the Absolute with itself”, the gaping wound in the heart of God’s own self… as German theologian Jurgen Moltmann says: God cannot love if God cannot make himself vulnerable.3 And just as Christian gospels tell us that God is radically present to us precisely when God is not at one with God’s self, the paradoxes of Jesus on the Kingdom of God also renounce all attempts to collapse this minimal difference (or irreducible gap between opposites) by either reducing one aspect to the other or enacting a “higher” synthesis of opposites.

The point here is that there is a paradox at the heart of things, or what Zizek calls a “structure of imbalance”– a paradox that was also alluded to by Ken Wilber at the end of  SES (1995) when he gives an all too brief prelude to Volume 3 of the Kosmos Trilogy (still as yet unpublished). Given a working title The Spirit of Post-Modernity when summarizing the basic contours of Volume 3 Ken says that all of our endless dualisms (agency/communion, coherence/correspondence, integration /differentiation, etc) are fated to battle it out forever, with no side ever, ever ultimately winning – and here we have what Zikek calls “the Real of irreducible tensions as such”, where Yin and Yang never find any ultimate reconciliation.

So there is an irreducible tension, gap or antagonism at the heart of the Kosmos, and in the Incarnation (the central mystery of Christianity) what we call God is precisely that which is fully present (and therefore becomes real) in the midst of this absolute contradiction… And in the same way, just as the teachings of Jesus challenge and overturn the ‘rational order’ of the pagan universe with a paradoxical reversal of meaning – or a “weird intrusion” that interrupts the semantic code of the default (pre-given) world - Christ himself is the ultimate diabolic figure, insofar as diabolos (to separate, to tear apart the One into Two) is the opposite of symbolos (to gather and unify).

As the Absolute Paradox (the irreducible gap in the heart of the Real) Christ brought the “sword, not peace,” in order to disturb the existing harmonious unity and turn the world as we know it inside out and upside down. Thus the Christian stance is radically different from the teachings of New Age (pagan) philosophy and Western Buddhism which claim that the universe is the abyss of the primordial Ground in which all “false” opposites - good and evil, appearance and reality, light and dark, etc. - coincide. Christianity proclaims as the highest action precisely what New Age paganism condemns as the source of all evil—the gesture of separation, a principle of ir-reconciliation, an event of rupture, a drawing of the line, a singular truth-event, a clinging to an element that disturbs the balance of the All

This is a pretty radical position but as far as I can see the paradoxes of Christianity are thoroughly orthodox, and they also evidenced in the parabolic structure of Jesus’ teachings on the Kingdom … And while there is indeed space for convergence between the Non-dual embrace of Integral and Christianity, as Zizek says of the New Age philosophy of ‘cosmic balance’, which seeks the global harmony opposites: “precisely what I find horrible in these new forms of spirituality is that we are simply losing our sense for these kinds of paradoxes, which are the very core of Christianity.”[4]

So the question here for me is this: Does the Absolute Paradox of Jesus Christ (God-in-time) reveal the secret Non-dual embrace of Eros and Agape, Human and Divine, Ascending and Descending currents, or is this “Kosmic balance” precisely what the paradoxes of Christianity break open and throw into question with the scandal of the crucified God and the non-coincidence of the One with itself?

That is, are we, like a good psychoanalyst to resolve the enigma of existence by supplanting it by an even more radical enigma? I don’t know the answer to this one, but any and all comments would be appreciated...

Cameron

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"Become passers-by" (Jesus of Nazareth)